Chapter 6: Population - NCERT Solutions
Exercises
Q1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure
(b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival
(d) none of the above
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates
(b) high life expectancies
(c) high death rates
(d) more married couples
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure
(b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival
(d) none of the above
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates
(b) high life expectancies
(c) high death rates
(d) more married couples
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Answer - (i) (c) both the area of departure and arrival
(ii) (a) high birth rates
(iii) (b) the number of persons added each year
(iv) (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(ii) (a) high birth rates
(iii) (b) the number of persons added each year
(iv) (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
Q2. Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Answer - (i) The rate of population growth in India has been declining since 1981 due to increased awareness of family planning, better health facilities, and government policies encouraging smaller families.
(ii) The major components of population growth are:
1. Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
2. Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
3. Migration: The movement of people from one place to another which affects population size.
(iii) Definitions:
Age Structure: The distribution of population across different age groups.
Death Rate: The number of deaths occurring in a year per 1,000 individuals.
Birth Rate: The number of live births occurring in a year per 1,000 individuals.
(iv) Migration is a determinant factor of population change because it affects the population size and composition in both the areas of departure and arrival by adding or reducing the number of people.
(ii) The major components of population growth are:
1. Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
2. Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
3. Migration: The movement of people from one place to another which affects population size.
(iii) Definitions:
Age Structure: The distribution of population across different age groups.
Death Rate: The number of deaths occurring in a year per 1,000 individuals.
Birth Rate: The number of live births occurring in a year per 1,000 individuals.
(iv) Migration is a determinant factor of population change because it affects the population size and composition in both the areas of departure and arrival by adding or reducing the number of people.
Q3. Distinguish between population growth and population change.
Answer - Difference between Population Growth and Population Change:
| Population Growth | Population Change |
|---|---|
| Refers specifically to the increase in the number of people in a population over time. | Refers to any change in population size, including increase or decrease due to births, deaths, and migration. |
| Measured primarily by the birth rate minus the death rate. | Includes births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. |
| Focuses on natural increase. | Considers all factors affecting population size. |
| Population growth is usually expressed as a percentage rate. | Population change can be positive, negative, or stable. |
| Does not account for migration effects. | Includes migration impacts on population. |
Q4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
Answer - The relation between occupational structure and development is that a higher proportion of people engaged in secondary and tertiary activities indicates greater economic development. Developed countries have more people working in industrial and service sectors, whereas in developing countries like India, a majority are engaged in primary activities such as agriculture.
Q5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
Answer - A healthy population is essential for a country's progress. The advantages of having a healthy population are as follows:
1. Higher productivity: Healthy individuals can work more efficiently and for longer durations.
2. Lower healthcare costs: A healthy population reduces the burden on healthcare facilities.
3. Better economic growth: Healthy citizens contribute more actively to the economy.
4. Improved quality of life: Healthier people enjoy a better standard of living and well-being.
5. Longer life expectancy: It increases the average life span and enhances national human capital.
1. Higher productivity: Healthy individuals can work more efficiently and for longer durations.
2. Lower healthcare costs: A healthy population reduces the burden on healthcare facilities.
3. Better economic growth: Healthy citizens contribute more actively to the economy.
4. Improved quality of life: Healthier people enjoy a better standard of living and well-being.
5. Longer life expectancy: It increases the average life span and enhances national human capital.
Q6. What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Answer - The significant features of the National Population Policy 2000 are as follows:
1. Free and compulsory education up to age 14.
2. Reducing infant mortality rate below 30 per 1000 live births.
3. Achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases.
4. Promotion of delayed marriage for girls.
5. Making contraceptive services affordable and accessible to all.
1. Free and compulsory education up to age 14.
2. Reducing infant mortality rate below 30 per 1000 live births.
3. Achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases.
4. Promotion of delayed marriage for girls.
5. Making contraceptive services affordable and accessible to all.