Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife - NCERT Solutions
Exercises
Q1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Panna
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Panna
Answer - (i) (d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) (a) 100 cm
(iii) (c) Odisha
(iv) (d) Panna
(ii) (a) 100 cm
(iii) (c) Odisha
(iv) (d) Panna
Q2. Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
(ii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
(i) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
(ii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Answer - (i) A bio-reserve is a protected area that is meant to conserve biodiversity, including flora, fauna, and ecosystems. It allows research, education, and sustainable use of natural resources. Examples: Nilgiri and Nanda Devi.
(ii) Tropical type: Elephants and Monkeys
Montane type: Snow Leopard and Yak
(ii) Tropical type: Elephants and Monkeys
Montane type: Snow Leopard and Yak
Q3. Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests
(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests
Answer -
| Flora | Fauna | |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Refers to the plant life of a particular region. | Refers to the animal life of a particular region. |
| Examples | Mango, Teak, Pine | Tiger, Elephant, Peacock |
| Tropical Evergreen Forests | Tropical Deciduous Forests | |
|---|---|---|
| Rainfall | Found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall. | Found in areas receiving 100–200 cm of rainfall. |
| Leaf Shedding | Do not shed leaves seasonally. | Shed leaves in the dry season to conserve water. |
| Density | Very dense and multi-layered. | Less dense and more open. |
| Examples | Ebony, Mahogany | Sal, Teak |
Q4. Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer - The different types of vegetation found in India are:
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests
3. Thorn Forests and Scrubs
4. Montane Forests
5. Mangrove Forests
Vegetation of High Altitudes:
In mountainous regions, vegetation changes with altitude. At higher altitudes, temperature drops, and the vegetation becomes sparse. Temperate forests containing conifers like pine, deodar, and fir are found between 1,500–3,000 meters. Above this, alpine vegetation is found with dwarf shrubs and grasses. Mosses and lichens grow at even higher altitudes.
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests
3. Thorn Forests and Scrubs
4. Montane Forests
5. Mangrove Forests
Vegetation of High Altitudes:
In mountainous regions, vegetation changes with altitude. At higher altitudes, temperature drops, and the vegetation becomes sparse. Temperate forests containing conifers like pine, deodar, and fir are found between 1,500–3,000 meters. Above this, alpine vegetation is found with dwarf shrubs and grasses. Mosses and lichens grow at even higher altitudes.
Q5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer - Several species of plants and animals are endangered in India due to the following reasons:
1. Deforestation and habitat destruction caused by human activities.
2. Pollution of air, water, and soil that harms wildlife.
3. Overexploitation through hunting, poaching, and illegal trade.
4. Introduction of invasive species that compete with native ones.
5. Climate change affecting migration patterns and natural habitats.
1. Deforestation and habitat destruction caused by human activities.
2. Pollution of air, water, and soil that harms wildlife.
3. Overexploitation through hunting, poaching, and illegal trade.
4. Introduction of invasive species that compete with native ones.
5. Climate change affecting migration patterns and natural habitats.
Q6. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer - India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna due to the following reasons:
1. India has diverse physical features—mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, and coasts.
2. The country has a wide variety of climatic conditions, from tropical to alpine.
3. Its vast size and altitudinal variations allow different ecosystems to thrive.
4. Presence of different soil types supports varied vegetation.
5. Conservation efforts through national parks, sanctuaries, and bio-reserves help protect biodiversity.
1. India has diverse physical features—mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, and coasts.
2. The country has a wide variety of climatic conditions, from tropical to alpine.
3. Its vast size and altitudinal variations allow different ecosystems to thrive.
4. Presence of different soil types supports varied vegetation.
5. Conservation efforts through national parks, sanctuaries, and bio-reserves help protect biodiversity.