NCERT Solutions - Class 9 Geography Chapter 4: Climate
Exercises
Q1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(b) Mawsynram
(c) Cherrapunji
(d) Guwahati
(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Loo
(c) Trade Winds
(d) None of the above
(iii) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May
(b) Early July
(c) Early June
(d) Early August
(iv) Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(b) Mawsynram
(c) Cherrapunji
(d) Guwahati
(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Loo
(c) Trade Winds
(d) None of the above
(iii) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May
(b) Early July
(c) Early June
(d) Early August
(iv) Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights
Answer - (i) (b) Mawsynram
(ii) (b) Loo
(iii) (c) Early June
(iv) (c) Cool days and cold nights
(ii) (b) Loo
(iii) (c) Early June
(iv) (c) Cool days and cold nights
Q2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
(v) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?
(vi) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
(v) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?
(vi) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer - (i) The major controls are latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and relief features.
(ii) India has a monsoon climate because of the differential heating of land and water, the presence of high-pressure areas over the Indian Ocean, and the Himalayan barrier that guides monsoon winds.
(iii) The Thar Desert region experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature due to dry air and lack of humidity.
(iv) The southwest monsoon winds cause rainfall along the Malabar coast.
(v) Monsoons are seasonal winds that reverse direction with the change of season. A “break” in the monsoon refers to the period when the monsoon rain stops for several days at a stretch.
(vi) The monsoon unifies the country by providing seasonal rhythm and affecting the economy, agriculture, and daily life across regions.
(ii) India has a monsoon climate because of the differential heating of land and water, the presence of high-pressure areas over the Indian Ocean, and the Himalayan barrier that guides monsoon winds.
(iii) The Thar Desert region experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature due to dry air and lack of humidity.
(iv) The southwest monsoon winds cause rainfall along the Malabar coast.
(v) Monsoons are seasonal winds that reverse direction with the change of season. A “break” in the monsoon refers to the period when the monsoon rain stops for several days at a stretch.
(vi) The monsoon unifies the country by providing seasonal rhythm and affecting the economy, agriculture, and daily life across regions.
Q3. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?
Answer - Rainfall in Northern India decreases from east to west because the moisture in the southwest monsoon winds reduces as they move inland. Eastern regions receive more rain being closer to the Bay of Bengal, while western parts get less rain as most of the moisture is already shed.
Q4. Give reasons as to why.
(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Answer - (i) Due to differential heating of land and sea, wind direction reverses between summer and winter.
(ii) The southwest monsoon winds bring most of the rainfall between June and September, making it concentrated in a short period.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall due to northeast monsoon winds picking moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
(iv) The eastern coast is vulnerable to cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal, especially during post-monsoon.
(v) These regions receive very little rain due to their position on the leeward side of mountains or due to desert conditions.
(ii) The southwest monsoon winds bring most of the rainfall between June and September, making it concentrated in a short period.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall due to northeast monsoon winds picking moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
(iv) The eastern coast is vulnerable to cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal, especially during post-monsoon.
(v) These regions receive very little rain due to their position on the leeward side of mountains or due to desert conditions.
Q5. Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Answer - India has vast climatic diversity. For example, Jaisalmer in Rajasthan is extremely hot and dry, while Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives very high rainfall. Drass in Ladakh is one of the coldest inhabited places, while Kerala experiences an equable climate. Such differences are due to factors like latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea.
Q6. Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Answer - 1. The cold weather season lasts from December to February.
2. Days are generally cool and nights are cold.
3. High-pressure systems develop over northern India.
4. Light rainfall occurs in northwestern India due to western disturbances.
5. Clear skies and low humidity are common during this season.
2. Days are generally cool and nights are cold.
3. High-pressure systems develop over northern India.
4. Light rainfall occurs in northwestern India due to western disturbances.
5. Clear skies and low humidity are common during this season.
Q7. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Answer - 1. Monsoon winds are seasonal and bring heavy rainfall to most parts of India.
2. Rainfall is highly uneven both in time and place.
3. It supports agriculture, which is the mainstay of the Indian economy.
4. It helps in replenishing water resources and groundwater levels.
5. However, its unpredictability may cause floods or droughts.
2. Rainfall is highly uneven both in time and place.
3. It supports agriculture, which is the mainstay of the Indian economy.
4. It helps in replenishing water resources and groundwater levels.
5. However, its unpredictability may cause floods or droughts.